Marine Diesel Engines Maintenance - The Ultimate Guide

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Boat Mechanics

86 Lessons

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Learn the fundamentals on how to maintain your boat’s diesel engine. This course shows you how to keep the engine in perfect working condition.

Marine Diesel Engines Maintenance - The Ultimate Guide

4 Lessons

In this first lesson, we introduce you to our virtual engine workshop, and explain why we think this course is important for every boatowner.

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We cover some practical details about the course, explain how to navigate through the content, and give you tips for an optimal learning experience.

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This lesson emphasizes the paramount importance of safety in diesel engine maintenance, covering precautions around running engines, risks of burns and injuries, the necessity of hearing protection, and the dangers of heavy lifting and battery maintenance.

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We discuss the importance of systematic maintenance scheduling for marine diesel engines, emphasizing the use of hour meters, record-keeping, understanding limitations for major overhauls, and the significance of using quality parts for reliability and safety.

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In this lesson, we introduce the core operating principles of diesel engines, the functions of the main components, and the unique aspects of diesel fuel combustion, setting the stage for deeper exploration in subsequent lessons.

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We explore conventional diesel injection systems, explain their mechanisms and types, the importance of precise engineering, and differences between direct and indirect injection.

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We learn about the four operating cycles of a diesel engine - intake, compression, power, and exhaust - and the importance of timing and coordination for efficient engine operation.

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We explain how to manage excess heat from the combustion process through water cooling systems, and briefly cover the distinctions and maintenance implications between wet and dry cylinder liners.

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We learn how turbochargers enhance engine power by increasing air intake and oxygen, the intricacies of their operation and maintenance, and the trade-off between increased power and reduced engine life expectancy.

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We address how legislation has forced innovations in emissions reduction technologies, and the implications of these complex systems for engine maintenance.

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We discuss the evolution and benefits of high-pressure fuel injection systems, and the limits they impose when it comes to DIY maintenance.

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We emphasize the importance of proper engine installation and run through a list of the engine parts that need to be accessible for maintenance.

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We examine engine mounts and their crucial role as the connection between the engine and the boat, and learn how to inspect and maintain them to ensure optimal engine alignment.

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We explain the U.S. Coast Guard's and the ABYC's installation requirements for firefighting equipment in engine compartments, portable and fixed fire extinguishing systems, and the importance of choosing the right type of extinguisher and ensuring proper installation to prevent accidental activation and potential engine damage.

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We talk about installation requirements for seawater cooling circuits and learn about the importance of using the right type of suction hoses and the installation of a siphon break to prevent saltwater flooding of the engine.

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We cover the importance of exhaust system geometry in preventing seawater flooding of the engine, and address the risks associated with carbon monoxide poisoning if the system is not properly installed.

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In this short lesson, we emphasize the importance of using high-quality, corrosion-resistant hose clamps and how to select and install them.

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We cover essential installation requirements for fuel systems to prevent leaks and environmental hazards, the importance of using appropriate materials for fuel tanks and hoses, and the requirements for primary and secondary fuel filters.

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In this short lesson we highlight the importance of ensuring an adequate flow of dry air to the engine compartment, which often conflicts with the need to minimize engine noise.

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3 Chapters

Basic Fuel Cleanliness

6 Lessons

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In this overview of the chapter, we provide an introduction to the fuel system and discuss why you should be absolutely meticulous about ensuring your engine gets clean fuel.

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We discuss the changes in diesel fuel properties over the last several decades, focusing on reduced sulfur content and the introduction of biodiesel, both of which can have significant impacts on engine performance and fuel stability.

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We get to know the two most common sources of fuel contamination in boats, water and biofouling, and learn about strategies for prevention and detection.

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We introduce methods for fuel tank sampling, which is the single most effective way to prevent significant contamination from reaching your fuel filters.

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We discuss the use of biocides and biofilm dissolvers for treating contaminated fuel, while cautioning about their proper application and potential side effects.

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This lesson covers methods for cleaning heavily contaminated fuel tanks, including using borescopes for inspection and various cleaning techniques.

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Fuel Filtration

4 Lessons

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We learn about the most damaging particle sizes for different fuel injection systems, discuss why we need multi-stage fuel filtration, and introduce the ISO 4406 standard for quantifying fuel contamination.

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We explore how fuel filters are rated, their limitations, and the challenges of filtering out small particles that are damaging to high pressure common rail engines.

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In this lesson, we examine the methods and effectiveness of removing water from diesel fuel.

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In the final lesson in this chapter we discuss various setups for primary fuel filters, stress the importance of proper filter maintenance, and provide practical advice on filter change intervals.

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Fuel Filter Maintenance

3 Lessons

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We learn how to change various types of primary filters.

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In this lesson we learn what to look out for when changing secondary filters.

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After a fuel filter change, the fuel system contains air which may prevent the engine from running. We learn how to bleed the system to get rid of this air.

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5 Lessons

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We provide an overview of the engine's oil system, explain its basic components such as the oil pump, filter, and pressure relief valve, and emphasize the importance of regular maintenance for engine longevity.

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We discuss the critical role of oil filters in engine longevity, explain how they function, the significance of micron ratings, and the necessity of selecting high-quality filters to prevent engine wear.

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We focus on when, and how often, to change your engine oil, taking into account different factors such as engine use patterns and fuel sulfur content, and highlight the importance of regular oil analysis for early problem detection.

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We delve into different types of engine oils, explain the American Petroleum Institute (API) classification system, the importance of choosing the correct oil viscosity and type for specific engine requirements, and the pros and cons of synthetic oils.

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In this lesson we provide a practical guide to changing engine and transmission oil, including tips on extracting old oil, replacing oil filters, and refilling with new oil.

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2 Chapters

The Raw Water System

7 Lessons

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We discuss why we need the cooling system, explore the raw water circuit, learn about heat exchangers, and special cases such as direct seawater cooling and keel coolers.

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We discuss the need for regular maintenance of the raw water system, including the importance of cleaning strainers and ensuring the functionality of impeller pumps to prevent overheating and potential engine damage.

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We learn how to change the impeller in the raw water pump and discuss the maintenance schedule for this crucial item.

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We discuss the crucial role of sacrificial anodes in preventing corrosion in the raw water circuit, and the importance of regular checks and replacements.

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We cover the maintenance of heat exchangers, including descaling to ensure effective heat transfer, and inspection for corrosion or scale buildup.

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We explore the function and maintenance of siphon breaks, which are a small but crucial piece of kit for preventing seawater flooding of the engine.

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We examine the maintenance of the wet exhaust system, including the inspection of exhaust injection elbows and waterlift mufflers for signs of carbon buildup or corrosion.

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The Fresh Water System

4 Lessons

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We introduce the freshwater cooling system and highlight the importance of maintenance for the drive belt, and regular antifreeze replacement.

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We detail the maintenance of the freshwater pump's drive belt, including tension adjustments and checks for wear or misalignment.

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We discuss different types of antifreeze and their chemical compositions, and emphasize the importance of using the correct antifreeze and not mixing various types.

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We provide a step-by-step guide on how to change your antifreeze, including draining, flushing, and refilling processes.

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4 Lessons

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We explore the volume and temperature requirements of intake air, guidelines for engine room ventilation, and various types of air filters.

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We focus on the function and maintenance of crankcase breathers, exploring different types of varying complexity and their role in preventing pressure buildup and oil mist pollution.

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We cover the maintenance of air filters and crankcase breathers, and highlight the importance of regular checks to prevent engine performance issues.

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We address the flow of air post-combustion, the importance of preventing carbon buildup in the exhaust system, and the management of turbochargers and their wastegates.

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10 Lessons

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We examine the role of damper plates, their function in absorbing shocks and vibration, and how to replace them if necessary.

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We explore different types of transmission configurations, including planetary and two-shaft gears, and the nuances of their operation and maintenance.

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We focus on the two main types of transmission clutches - multi-plate and cone clutches - and talk about their operation and common wear-and-tear issues.

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We discuss the importance of regular transmission maintenance, including oil level checks, oil changes, and inspecting the operating mechanism to ensure smooth transmission function.

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We cover the critical aspects of propeller shaft couplings and joints in the drive train, including their alignment, maintenance, and troubleshooting tips for common issues.

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We address traditional shaft seals, known as stuffing boxes, including their types, maintenance, and replacement techniques.

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We introduce modern alternatives to traditional stuffing boxes, such as face seals and lip seals, and detail their advantages, installation, and maintenance.

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We focus on shaft bearings, particularly rubber sleeve ('Cutless') bearings, and discuss their role, wear signs, and replacement procedures.

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We explore the intricacies of propeller installations, including general selection criteria, installation techniques, and maintenance tips to ensure optimal performance.

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We examine the unique features and maintenance requirements of saildrives, and highlight their benefits and potential issues, particularly with respect to galvanic corrosion.

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1 Lesson

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We say a few final words and give an outlook to future additions to the course.

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Tools & Spares

4 Lessons

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We look at packaged tool kits versus individual tool purchase, cheap versus quality tools, and ways to carry and store tools.

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We cover a selection of basic tools which any maintenance conscious boatowner will need to have on board.

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We explore more specialized tools which are essential for many maintenance tasks, and some that may be required in more extensive work.

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We discuss different philosophies for spare parts and look at how Nigel's approach has evolved over the decades.

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Troubleshooting

8 Lessons

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In this lesson we see how to diagnose why an engine will not turn over when the ignition key is turned, and mechanisms to bypass or fix failed cranking circuits.

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The engine is cranking, but only slowly; we find out why and how to speed things up.

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If seawater enters an engine and locks it up, we learn how to remove the water and get the engine running again.

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We find out why an engine will not start even though it is cranking OK, and learn how to get it running.

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We explore the different colors of smoke that diesel engines create and what they mean.

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We look at common causes of engine overheating and how to fix them.

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We investigate other common engine problems, including misfiring and vibration, and the likely causes, along with those we can fix and those that will require professional assistance.

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We diagnose common problems with charging circuits and conventional (analog) gauges.

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Extended Layups & Winterization

3 Lessons

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We describe basic layup maintenance and discuss if it is needed at every layup.

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We discuss both freshwater and seawater layup maintenance and procedures, and winterizing in cold climates.

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We investigate additional measures which may be taken to protect an engine for extended layups of a year or more.

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Valve Adjustments

3 Lessons

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We discuss different valve and camshaft arrangements and the likely valve clearance adjustment mechanisms.

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We describe how to turn the engine over to put the piston in the correct position for valve clearance adjustment.

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We describe the specific process for setting valve clearances.

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Engine Alignment

1 Lesson

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We provide insights into the process of engine alignment, which is vital for efficient power transfer from the engine to the propeller shaft and for the longevity of bearings.

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We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of rebuilding versus buying new when an engine needs extensive maintenance.

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We describe a detailed process for conducting a sea trial and assessing the basic state of an engine without requiring specialized tools or invasive procedures.

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We learn about optimized operating speeds and loads for marine diesel engines and why we rarely see them in practice.

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We dive into the details of published engine data and what it all means.

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About the teacher

Jan & Nigel

This course has been created in a joint effort by Nigel Calder and Dr. Jan Athenstädt. Nigel is responsible for the lecture notes and Jan will take the role of presenter and guide you through the lessons.

  • Enjoying the course, very inspiring! I’m not always at my boat, so am working through the lessons in chunks without access to the engine; any chance you could collate your suggested ‘homework’ type tasks given in each lesson into a downloadable spreadsheet file or webpage? That would be very helpful for people in my situation to be able to then undertake a bunch of checks and familiarisation without having to extensively revisit videos. Cheers!

  • I have an old Perkins 4.236. Would this course cover me for my engine. I know you go over newer and older technology, I would just like a little reassurance that this will be a value given my particular Perkins. Thank you.

    • Hi Brandon,
      Yes, we cover both older (mechanically injected) engines and newer models. The course should cover all you need to know as the owner of an older Perkins model.
      Best
      Jan

  • I have a 1989 Yanmar 4JH4E engine on my Island Packet Yacht. Would the engine class cover these small size engines, or is it for the larger engines?

    • Hi Aston,
      Thanks for reaching out. The course is perfectly suited for your engine. I have the slightly older model (4JH3E) on my own boat and we even use this in some examples.
      Best
      Jan

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